DIPNET and ELWGD Publications

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2007	Top
	Alp Cavus S, Avkan Oguz V, Yuce A. The seroprevalence of diphtheria among adults in Izmir-Turkey. Vaccine. 2007; 25: 3851-4.
	Cameron C, White J, Power D, Crowcroft N. Diphtheria boosters for adults: balancing risks. Travel Med Infect Dis.
	De Zoysa A. & Efstratiou A. Corynebacteria. In: Principles and Practice of Clinical Bacteriology. (2nd Edition). Eds. Emmerson A.M., Hawkey P.M. and Gillespie S.H. John Wiley & Sons.
	Elden S, Coole L, Efstratiou A, Doshi N. Laboratory-confirmed case of toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans. Euro Surveill. 2007; 12: E070329.3.
	Kolodkina VL, Titov LP, Sharapa TN, Drozhzhina ON. Point mutations in tox promoter/operator and dip0068theria toxin repressor (DTXR) gene associated with the level of toxin production by Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains isolated in Belarus. Mol Gen Mikrobiol Virusol. 2007; 1: 22-9.
	Mokrousov I, Limeschenko E, Vyazovaya A, Narvskaya O. Corynebacterium diphtheriae spoligotyping based on combined use of two CRISPR loci. Biotechnol J. 2007; 2: 901-6.
	Oram M, Woolston JE, Jacobson AD, Holmes RK, Oram DM. Bacteriophage-based vectors for site-specific insertion of DNA in the chromosome of Corynebacteria. Gene. 2007; 391: 53-62.

2006	Top
	Crowcroft NS, White JM, Efstratiou A, George R. Screening and toxigenic corynebacteria spread. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006; 12: 520-1.
	Danilova E, Jenum PA, Skogen V, Pilnikov VF, Sjursen H. Antidiphtheria antibody responses in patients and carriers of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in the Arkhangelsk region of Russia. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2006; 13: 627-32.
	Kharseeva GG, Moskalenko EP, Trukhachev AL, Mitrofanova TV. Pathogenicity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae circulating in Rostov-on-Don City and Rostov region during interepidemic period. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2006; 6: 6-9.
	Kolodkina V, Titov L, Sharapa T, Grimont F, Grimont PA, Efstratiou A. Molecular epidemiology of C. diphtheriae strains during different phases of the diphtheria epidemic in Belarus. BMC Infect Dis. 2006; 6: 129.
	Pimenta FP, Damasco PV, Cerbino Neto J, Lopes GS, Hirata R Jr, Milagres LG, Mattos-Guaraldi AL. Diphtheria-neutralizing antibody levels in healthy adults from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2006; 101: 459-62.
	Puliti M, von Hunolstein C, Marangi M, Bistoni F, Tissi L. Experimental model of infection with non-toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and development of septic arthritis. J Med Microbiol. 2006; 55: 229-35.
	Riegel P, Creti R, Mattei R, Nieri A, von Hunolstein C. Isolation of Corynebacterium tuscaniae sp. nov. from blood cultures of a patient with endocarditis. J Clin Microbiol. 2006; 44: 307-12.
	Romney MG, Roscoe DL, Bernard K, Lai S, Efstratiou A, Clarke AM. Emergence of an invasive clone of nontoxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae in the urban poor population of Vancouver, Canada. J Clin Microbiol. 2006; 44: 1625-9.
	Shmeleva EA, Popkova SM, Makarova SI, Baturina IG. Immunoloical aspects of the antropogenic response to the antigens of symbiotic non-toxigenic diphtherial corynebacteria. Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk. 2006; 1: 24-8.

2005	Top
	De Zoysa A., Hawkey P.M., Efstratiou A. Characterisation of toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans strains isolated in the UK from humans and domestic cats. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2005; 43; 4377-4381.
	Damasco PV, Pimenta FP, Filardy AA, Brito SM, Andrade AF, Lopes GS, Hirata R Jr, Mattos-Guaraldi AL. Prevalence of IgG diphtheria antitoxin in blood donors in Rio de Janeiro. Epidemiol Infect. 2005; 133: 911-4.
	Dewinter LM, Bernard KA, Romney MG. Human clinical isolates of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Corynebacterium ulcerans collected in Canada from 1999 to 2003 but not fitting reporting criteria for cases of diphtheria. J Clin Microbiol. 2005; 43: 3447-9.
	De Zoysa A., Efstratiou A., Hawkey P.M. Molecular characterisation of diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxR) genes present in non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated in the UK. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2005; 43: 223-228.
	Dzupova O, Benes J, Kriz B, Horova B, Olexova A. An unusual course of invasive infection due to nontoxinogenic strain of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Klin Mikrobiol Infekc Lek. 2005; 11: 222-225.
	George RC. Diphtheria. Medicine. 2005; 33: 31-33.
	Krumina A, Logina I, Donaghy M, Rozentale B, Kravale I, Griskevica A, Viksna L. Diphtheria with polyneuropathy in a closed community despite receiving recent booster vaccination. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005; 76: 1555-7.
	Lartigue MF, Monnet X, Le Fleche A, Grimont PA, Benet JJ, Durrbach A, Fabre M, Nordmann P. Corynebacterium ulcerans in an immunocompromised patient with diphtheria and her dog. J Clin Microbiol. 2005; 43: 999-1001.
	Mokrousov I, Narvskaya O, Limeschenko E, Vyazovaya A. Efficient discrimination within a Corynebacterium diphtheriae epidemic clonal group by a novel macroarray-based method. J Clin Microbiol. 2005; 43: 1662-8.
	Ohuabunwo C, Perevoscikovs J, Griskevica A, Gargiullo P, Brilla A, Viksna L, Glismann S, Wharton M, Vitek C. Respiratory diphtheria among highly vaccinated military trainees in Latvia: improved protection from DT compared with Td booster vaccination. Scand J Infect Dis. 2005; 37: 813-20.
	Shmeleva EA, Makarova SI, Baturina IG, Korzhenkova MP, Chistiakova GG, Ksenofontova MK, Filatov NN. Specific antibodies and their role in the formation of antidiphtheria immunity. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2005; 1: 38-43.
	Sing A, Bierschenk S, Heesemann J. Classical diphtheria caused by Corynebacterium ulcerans in Germany: amino acid sequence differences between diphtheria toxins from Corynebacterium diphtheriae and C. ulcerans. Clin Infect Dis. 2005; 40: 325-6.
	Sing A, Heesemann J. Imported cutaneous diphtheria, Germany, 1997-2003. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005; 11: 343-4.
	Wren MW, Shetty N. Infections with Corynebacterium diphtheriae: six years' experience at an inner London teaching hospital. Br J Biomed Sci. 2005; 62: 1-4.
	Zasada AA, Zaleska M, Podlasin RB, Seferynska I. The first case of septicemia due to nontoxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae in Poland: case report. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2005; 4: 8.

2004	Top
	Bertuccini L, Baldassarri L, von Hunolstein C. Internalization of non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae by cultured human respiratory epithelial cells. Microb Pathog. 2004; 37: 111-8.
	De Benoist AC, White JM, Efstratiou A, Kelly C, Mann G, Nazareth B, Irish CJ, Kumar D, Crowcroft NS. Imported cutaneous diphtheria, United Kingdom. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2004;10: 511-513.
	De Zoysa A. & Efstratiou A. Eighth International Meeting of the European Laboratory Working Group on Diphtheria and the Diphtheria Surveillance Network ? June 2004: Progress is needed to sustain control of diphtheria in European Region. Euro Surveill. 2004; 11: 47-50.
	Grimont PAD, Grimont F, Efstratiou A, De Zoysa A, Mazurova I, Ruckly C, Lejay-Collin M, Martin-Delautre S, Regnault B and members of the European Laboratory Working Group on Diphtheria. International nomenclature for Corynebacterium diphtheriae ribotypes. Research in Microbiology, 2004; 155:162-166.
	Hirata R Jr, Souza SM, Rocha-de-Souza CM, Andrade AF, Monteiro-Leal LH, Formiga LC, Mattos-Guaraldi AL. Patterns of adherence to HEp-2 cells and actin polymerisation by toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains. Microb Pathog. 2004; 36: 125-30.
	Holfelder M, Bock-Hensley O, Lisson C, Funke G. Case report: fatal course of endocarditis following an infection with non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae biotype var mitis. Eurosurveillance Weekly [1812-075X]. 2004 Feb 26;2(9) 040226.
	Sesardic D, Winsnes R, Rigsby P, Behr-Gross ME. Collaborative study for the validation of serological methods for potency testing of diphtheria toxoid vaccines - extended study: correlation of serology with in vivo toxin neutralisation. Pharmeuropa Bio. 2004; 2003: 69-76.
	Mel'nikov VG, Kombarova SIu, Borisova OIu, Volozhantsev NV, Verevkin VV, Volkovoi KI, Mazurova IK. Corynebacterium diphtheriae nontoxigenic strain carrying the gene of diphtheria toxin. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2004; 1: 3-7.3
	Winsnes R, Sesardic D, Daas A, Behr-Gross ME. Collaborative study for the validation of serological methods for potency testing of diphtheria toxoid vaccines-part 1. Pharmeuropa Bio. 2004; 2003: 35-68.
	Zasada AA. PCR as an alternative method for detecting toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Med Dosw Mikrobiol. 2004; 56: 321-6.

2003	Top
	Cerdeno-Tarraga AM, Efstratiou A, Dover LG, Holden MTG, Pallen M, Bentley SD, Besra GS, Churcher C, James KD, De Zoysa A, Chillingworth T, Cronin A, Dowd L, Feltwell T, Hamlin N, Holroyd S, Jagels K, Moule S, Quail MA, Rabbinowitsch E, Rutherford KM, Thomson NR, Unwin L, Whitehead S, Barrell BG, Parkhill J. The complete genome sequence and analysis of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strain NCTC 13129. Nucleic Acids Res 2003; 31; 6516-23.
	De Zoysa A, Fry N, Taylor D, Reilly W, George R, Crowcroft N, White J, Efstratiou A. Characterization of toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans strains isolated in the UK from humans and domestic cats. (Abst) Clin Micro Inf 2003; 9 (Suppl 1); 405.
	Hatanaka A, Tsunoda A, Okamoto M, Ooe K, Nakamura A, Miyakoshi M, Komiya T, Takahashi M. Corynebacterium ulcerans Diphtheria in Japan. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003; 9: 752-3.
	Kelly C, Efstratiou A, Partners of the DIPNET programme and the European Laboratory Working Group on Diphtheria (ELWGD). Evaluation of laboratory diagnostics for diphtheria within European Union member states and associated countries. (Abst) Clin Micro Inf 2003; 9 (Suppl 1); 405.
	Kelly C, Efstratiou A, on behalf of DIPNET/ELWGD. Seventh International Meeting of the European Laboratory Working Group on Diphtheria, Vienna, Austria, June 2002. Eurosurveillance, 2003:8;189-195.
	Kriz B. The 2001 serological survey in the Czech Republic--diphtheria. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2003; 11 Suppl:S7-12.
	Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Moreira LO, Damasco PV, Hirata Junior R. Diphtheria remains a threat to health in the developing world--an overview. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2003; 98: 987-93.
	Moreira Lde O, Andrade AF, Vale MD, Souza SM, Hirata R Jr, Asad LM, Asad NR, Monteiro-Leal LH, Previato JO, Mattos-Guaraldi AL. Effects of iron limitation on adherence and cell surface carbohydrates of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003; 69: 5907-13.
	Shukla SK, Bernard KA, Harney M, Frank DN, Reed KD. Corynebacterium nigricans sp. nov.: proposed name for a black-pigmented Corynebacterium species recovered from the human female urogenital tract. J Clin Microbiol. 2003; 41: 4353-8.
	Sing A, Hogardt M, Bierschenk S, Heesemann J. Detection of differences in the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of diphtheria toxin from Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Corynebacterium ulcerans causing extrapharyngeal infections. J Clin Microbiol. 2003; 41: 4848-51.
	Titov L, Kolodkina V, Dronina A, Grimont F, Grimont PAD, Lejay-Collin M, de Zoysa A, Andronescu C, Diaconescu A, Marin B, Efstratiou A. Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains isolated from patients in Belarus during an epidemic period. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41: 1285-8.
	van Dam AP, Schippers EF, Visser LG, Peek N, Swaan CM, Kuijper EJ. A case of diphtheria in the Netherlands due to an infection with Corynebacterium ulcerans. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2003; 147: 403-6.
	von Hunolstein C, Alfarone G, Scopetti F, Pataracchia M, La Valle R, Franchi F, Pacciani L, Manera A, Giammanco A, Farinelli S, Engler K, De Zoysa A, Efstratiou A. Molecular epidemiology and characteristics of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Corynebacterium ulcerans isolated in Italy during the 1990s. J Med Micro 2003; 52: 181-8.

2002	Top
	Damian M, Grimont F, Narvskaya O, Straut M, Surdeanu, Cojocaru R, Mokrousov I, Diaconescu A, Andronescu C, Melnic A, Mutoi L, Grimont PAD. Study of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains isolated in Romania, northwestern Russia and the Republic of Moldova. Res Microbiol 2002; 153: 99-106.
	Engler KH, Efstratiou AE, Norn D, Kozlov RS, Selga I, Glushkevich TG, Tam M, Melnikov VG, Mazurova IK, Kim VE, Tseneva GY, Titov LP, George RC. Immunochromatographic strip test for rapid detection of diphtheria toxin: description and multicentre evaluation in areas of low and high prevalence of diphtheria. J Clin Microb 2002; 40: 80-3.
	Hirata R Jr, Napoleao F, Monteiro-Leal L, Andrade A, Nagao P, Formiga LCD, Fonseca LS, Mattos-Guaraldi AL. Intracellular viability of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains in HEp-2 cells. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2002: 215: 115-9.
	Lai S, Efstratiou A on behalf of the European Laboratory Working Group on Diphtheria. Report on the sixth international meeting of the European Laboratory Working Group on Diphtheria, Brussels, Belgium. Eurosurveillance 2002; 7: 7-12.
	McCann R. Toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae var mitis isolated from a child from north west England. Eurosurveillance Weekly [1812-075X]. 2002 Jan 24;1(4) 020124.
	Mothershed EA, Cassiday PK, Pierson K, Mayer LW, Popovic T. Development of a real-time fluorescence PCR assay for rapid detection of the diphtheria toxin gene. J Clin Microbiol 2002: 40 (12): 4713-9.
	Nuorti P, Suomalainen P, Heiskanen-Kosma T, Vuopio-Varkila J, Efstratiou A, Crowcroft N, White J. Fatal case of diphtheria in an unvaccinated infant, Finland 2001. Eurosurveillance Wkly 2002; 4: 020124.
	Oram DM, Avdalovic A, Holmes RK. Construction and characterization of transposon insertion mutations in Corynebacterium diphtheriae that affect expression of the diphtheia toxin repressor (DtxR). J Bacteriol 2002; 184 (20): 5723-32.
	kogen V, Cherkasova VV, Maksimova N, Marston CK, Sjursen H, Reeves MW, Olsvik O, Popovic T. Molecular characterization of Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates, Russia, 1957-1987. Emerg Inf Dis 2002: 8 (5): 516-8.
	Visser L, Peek N, Schippers E, van Dam A, Kuijper E, Swaan C, Reubsaet F. Nasopharyngeal Corynebacterium ulcerans diphtheria in the Netherlands. Eurosurveillance Weekly [1812-075X]. 2002 Feb 14;2(7) 020214.
	von Hunolstein C, Scopetti F, Efstratiou A, Engler, K. Penicillin tolerance amongst non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated from cases of pharyngitis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002; 50: 125-8.

2001	Top
	Colombo AV, Hirata R Jr, de Souza CMR, Monteiro-Leal LH, Previato JO, Formiga LCD, Andrade AF, Mattos-Guaraldi AL. Corynebacterium diphtheriae surface proteins as adhesins to human erythrocytes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2001; 197: 235-9.
	Engler KH, Kozlov R, Copping SJ, members of the European Laboratory Working Group on Diphtheria, Efstratiou A. International external quality assessment scheme for the laboratory diagnosis of diphtheria. J Med Microbiol 2001; 50: 1006-12.
	Engler KH, Lai S, White J, Mann G, Efstratiou A. Molecular epidemiology of Corynebacterium ulcerans infections in England and Wales, 1987-99. (Abst) Clin Microbiol Infect 2001; 7 (Supp 1): 279.
	Engler KH, Norn D, Kozlov RS, Selga I, Glushkevich TG, Tam M, George RC, Efstratiou A. Rapid phenotypic methods for the detection of diphtheria toxin amongst clinical isolates of corynebacteria. Clin Microb Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 3: 156-62.
	Engler KH, Warner M, George RC. In vitro activity of ketolides HMR 3004 and HMR 3647 and seven other antimicrobial agents against Corynebacterium diphtheriae. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 47: 27-31.
	Kombarova S, Kim C, Melnikov V, Reeves M, Borisova O, Mazurova I, Popovic T. Rapid identification of Corynebacterium diphtheriae clonal group associated with diphtheria epidemic, Russian Federation. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001; 7: 133-6.
	Kombarova S, Mazurova IK, Melnikov VG, Kostiukova NN, Volkovoi KI, Borisova O, Platonova TV, Efstratiou A. Genetic structure of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains isolated in Russia during epidemics of various intensity. Zh Mikrobial Epidemiol Immunobiol 2001; 3: 3-8.
	Lai S, Grimont P, Engler K, Grimont F, von Hunolstein C, Vuopio-Varkila J, De Zoysa A, Gilbert G, Popovic T, Efstratiou A. External quality assessment study for the molecular typing of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. (Abst) Clin Microbiol Infect 2001; 7 (Supp 1): 183.
	Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Formiga LC, Camello TC, Pereira GA, Hirata R Jr, Halpern M. Corynebacterium diphtheriae threats in cancer patients. Rev Argent Microbiol. 2001; 33: 96-100.
	Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Formiga LCD, Marques EA, Pereira GA, Moreira LO, Pimenta FP, et al. Diphtheria in a vaccinated adult in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2001; 32: 236-9.

2000	Top
	De Zoysa A, Efstratiou A. Use of amplified fragment length polymorphisms for typing Corynebacterium diphtheriae. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38: 3843-5.
	Efstratiou A, Roure C and Members of the European Laboratory Working Group on Diphtheria. The European Laboratory Working Group on Diphtheria: a global microbiologic network. J Infect Dis 2000; 181 (Suppl 1): S146-51.
	Efstratiou A, Engler KH, Mazurova IK, Glushkevich T, Vuopio-Varkila J, Popovic T. Current approaches to the laboratory diagnosis of diphtheria. J Infect Dis 2000; 181 (Suppl 1): S138-45.
	Engler KH, Copping SJ, Koslov RS, Efstratiou A. International external quality assurance scheme for the laboratory diagnosis of diphtheria. (Abst) Clin Microbiol Infect 2000; 6 (Suppl 1):187.
	Engler KH & Efstratiou A. A rapid enzyme immunoassay for determination of toxigenicity among clinical isolates of corynebacteria. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38 (4): 1385-9.
	Engler KH, Norn D, Koslov RS, Selga I, Glushkevich TG, Zherebko NN, George RC, Tam M, Efstratiou A. DICS (Diphtheria Immunochromatographic Strip) test: a rapid method for the determination of toxigenicity amongst corynebacterium spp. (Abst) Clin Microbiol Infect 2000; 6 (Suppl 1): 165.
	Griskevica A, Ching P, Russo G, Kreysler J. Diphtheria in Latvia, 1986-96. J Infect Dis 2000; 181 (Suppl 1): S60-4.
	Holmes RK. Biology and molecular epidemiology of diphtheria toxin and the tox gene. J Inf Dis 2000: 181 (Suppl 1): S156-67.
	Kozlov RS, Efstratiou A, Engler KH. Microbiological surveillance of diphtheria in Eastern Europe. (Abst) Clin Microbiol Infect 2000; 6 (Suppl 1): 209.
	Marlovits, S., Stocker, R., Efstratiou, A., Broughton, K., Kaider, A., Vécsei, V., Kollaritsch, H. Effect on diphtheria immunity of combined tetanus and diphtheria booster vaccination in adults. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2000; 19: 506-13.
	Marlovits S, Stocker R, Efstratiou A, Broughton K, Kaider A, Vecsei V, Wiedermann G, Kollaritsch H. Seroprevalence of diphtheria immunity among injured adults in Austria. Vaccine 2000; 19: 1061-7.
	Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Formiga LCD, Pereira GA. Cell surface components and adhesion in Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Microbes Infect 2000; 2: 1507-12.
	Popovic T, Mazurova IK, Efstratiou A, Vuopio-Varkila J, Reeves M, De Zoysa A, Glushkevich T, Grimont P. Molecular epidemiology of diphtheria. J Infect Dis 2000; 181 (Suppl 1): S168-77.
	Reacher M, Ramsay M, White J, De Zoysa A, Efstratiou A, Mann G, Mackay A, George R. Nontoxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae: an emerging pathogen in England and Wales? Emerg Infect Dis 2000; 6 (6): 640-5.
	Von Hunolstein C, Aggerbeck H, Andrews N, Berbers G, Fievet-Groyne F, Maple PAC, Ölander RM, Raux M, Tischer. A. European sero-epidemiology network: standardisation of the results of diphtheria antitoxin assays. Vaccine 2000; 18: 3287-96.
	Von Hunolstein C, Rota MC, Alfarone G, Ricci ML, Salmaso S and the Italian Serology Working Group. Diphtheria antibody levels in the Italian population. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2000; 19: 433-7.

1999	Top
	Bonnet JM & Begg NT. Control of Diphtheria: guidelines for consultants in communicable disease control. Commun Dis Public Health 1999; 2: 242-9.
	De Zoysa AS, Efstratiou A. PCR typing of Corynebacterium diphtheriae by random amplification of polymorphic DNA. J Med Microbiol 1999; 48 (4): 335-40.
	Efstratiou A & George RC. Laboratory guidelines for the diagnosis of infections caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae and C. ulcerans. Commun Dis Public Health 1999; 2: 250-7.
	Efstratiou A, Engler K, Douboyas J, Von-Hunolstein C, Vuopio-Varkila J, Patey O, Grimont P. Diphtheria in Europe. (Abst) Clin Microbiol Infect 1999; 5 (Suppl 3): 64.
	Efstratiou A, George RC, Sukonthaman A. Diphtheria. In: Textbook of Infectious Diseases. Eds: Armstrong D, Cohen J 1999. Section 6; pp34.11-34.16 Mosby.
	Popovic T, Kim C, Reiss J, Reeves M, Nakao H, Golaz A. Use of molecular subtyping to document long-term persistence of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in South Dakota. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37 (4): 1092-9.
	Ronne T. Cases of diphtheria in Denmark. Eurosurveillance Weekly [1812-075X]. 1999 Jan 20;1(4) 990120.
	Skoura L, Efstratiou A, Tsakris A, Pournaras S, George RC, Douboyas J. Study on the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in determining human antibodies to diphtheria toxin as compared with a reference toxin neutralization assay. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 1999; 22 (3): 181-6.
	Sulakvelidze A, Kekelidze M, Gomelauri T, Deng Y, Khetsuriani N, Kobaidze K, De Zoysa A, Efstratiou A, Morris JG Jr, Imnadze P. Diphtheria in the Republic of Georgia: use of molecular typing techniques for characterization of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37 (10): 3265-70.

1998	Top
	Bisgard KM, Hardy IR, Popovic T, Strebel PM, Wharton M, Chen RT, Hadler SC. Respiratory diphtheria in the United States, 1980 through 1995. Amer J Public Health. 1998; 88 (5): 787-91.
	Clarridge J, Popovic T, Inzana T. Diphtheria and other corynebacterial and coryneform infections. In: Collier L, Balows A, Sussman M, editors. Topley and Wilson's Microbiology and Microbial Infections. London: Arnold, 1998: p 347-71.
	De Zoysa A, et al. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) analysis for the differentiation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates as an alternative to ribotyping. Proceedings of the Fifth International Meeting of the European Laboratory Working Group on Diphtheria, Halkidiki, Greece, 1998.
	Efstratiou A, Engler KH, Dawes CS, Sesardic D. Comparison of phenotypic and genotypic methods for detection of diphtheria toxin among isolates of pathogenic corynebacteria. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36 (11): 3173-7.
	Efstratiou A, Engler KH, De Zoysa A. Diagnosis and epidemiology of diphtheria. In: Methods in Molecular Medicine, 1998; Vol 15: Molecular Bacteriology: Protocols and Clinical Applications. Eds: Woodford N, Johnson AP. Humana Press Inc, Totowa, NJ.
	Engler KH, et al. In-vitro Sensitivity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae to ten antimicrobial agents. Proceedings of the Fifth International Meeting of the European Laboratory Working Group on Diphtheria. Greece, 1998.
	Grimont PAD, et al. The Corynebacterium diphtheriae ribotype database. Proceedings of the Fifth International Meeting of the European Laboratory Working Group on Diphtheria, Greece, 1998.
	Kneen R, Pham NG, Solomon T, Tran TM, Nguyen TT, Tran BL, Wain J, Day NP,Tran TH, Parry CM, White NJ. Penicillin vs. erythromycin in the treatment of diphtheria. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 27 (4): 845-50.
	Lévy-Bruhl D, Pebody R, Veldhuijzen I, Valenciano M, Osborne K, . ESEN : a comparison of vaccination programmes Part one: diphtheria. Euro Surveill 1998; 3: 93-6.
	Mattos-Guaraldi AL & Formiga LCD. Bacteriological properties of a sucrose-fermenting Corynebacterium diphtheriae strain isolated from a case of endocarditis. Current Microbiol 1998: 37: 1-4.
	Nakao H & Popovic T. Use of random amplified polymorphic DNA for rapid molecular subtyping of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1998; 30 (3): 167-72.
	Reinhardt DJ, Lee A, Popovic T. Antitoxin-in-membrane and antitoxin-in-well assays for detection of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36 (1): 207-10.

1997	Top
	Andronescu C, Diaconescu A, Marin B, Petric A. Phage typing, an accessible and useful method in the epidemiological surveillance of diphtheria. Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology. 1997; 56 (3-4): 139-46.
	CDC. Respiratory diphtheria caused by Corynebacterium ulcerans - Terra Haute, Indiana, 1996. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1997; 46: 330-2.
	CDSC. Misdiagnosis of diphtheria: laboratory errors due to toxigenic control strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Commun Dis Rep CDR Wkly 1997; 7: 65-68.
	CDSC. Diphtheria acquired during a cruise in the Baltic Sea. Commun Dis Rep CDR Wkly 1997; 7: 207-210.
	Efstratiou A. The European Laboratory Working Group on Diphtheria. Strengthening disease surveillance support of laboratory networks. Expanded programme on Immunisation. Seventh Meeting of National Programme Managers. WHO Regional Office for Europe, Working Paper, 1997; CMDS 01 01 04/14.
	Engler KH, Glushkevich T, Mazurova IK, George RC, Efstratiou A. A modified Elek test for detection of toxigenic corynebacteria in the diagnostic laboratory. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35 (2): 495-8.
	Engler KH, et al. A rapid ELISA for confirmation of diphtheria by toxigenic Corynebacterium spp. Eighth European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Lausanne, Switzerland, May 1997.
	Funke G, Efstratiou A, Kuklinska D, Hutson RA, De Zoysa A, Engler KH, Collins MD. Corynebacterium imitans sp. nov. isolated from patients with suspected diphtheria. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35 (8): 1978-83.
	Funke G, von Graevenitz A, Clarridge JE, Bernard KA. Clinical microbiology of coryneform bacteria. Clin Microbiol Rev 1997; 10 (1): 125-59.
	Geiss H, Kiehl W, Thilo W, . A case report of laboratory-acquired diphtheria. Euro Surveill 1997; 2: 67-68.
	George RC. Diphtheria. Medicine 1997; 25: 8-10.
	Handysides S. Woman from England acquired diphtheria on a Baltic cruise . Eurosurveillance Weekly [1812-075X]. 1997 Jun 12;6(7) 970612.
	Nakao H & Popovic T. Development of a direct PCR assay for detection of the diphtheria toxin gene. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35 (7): 1651-5.
	Nakao H, Mazurova IK, Glushkevich T, Popovic T. Analysis of heterogeneity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae toxin gene, tox, and its regulatory element, dtxR, by direct sequencing. Res Microbiol 1997; 148 (1): 45-54.
	Patey O, Bimet F, Riegel P, Halioua B, Emond JP, Estrangin E, Dellion S, Alonso JM, Kiredjian M, Dublanchet A, Lafaix C and the Coryne Study Group. Clinical and molecular study of Corynebacterium diphtheriae systemic infections in France. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35 (2): 441-5.
	Riegel P, Freitas FI, Prevost G, Andronescu C, Bimet F, Kiredjian M, Estrangin E, Emond JP, Dellion S, Halioua B, Monteil H, Patey O. Comparison of traditional and molecular methods for typing nontoxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1997; 16 (8): 610-4.
	Tomaszunas-Blaszczyk J, Galazka A, . Why do adults contract diphtheria?. Euro Surveill 1997; 2: 60-63.
	Zakrzewska A, Galazka A, Rymkiewicz D, . Changes in age specific immunity to diphtheria in Poland in the past 40 years. Euro Surveill 1997; 2: 64-67.

1996	Top
	Durbaca S, Andronescu C, Diaconescu A. Experimental study on estimating the immunogenic potency of diphtheria and/or tetanus toxoids in monovaccines and associated vaccines. Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology. 1996; 55 (2): 119-31.
	Efstratiou A. States of emergency: diphtheria in Eastern Europe. Medical Laboratory World 1996; 5-8.
	Efstratiou A & George RC. Screening tests for the presumptive identification of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in a diagnostic laboratory. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34 (12): 3251.
	Efstratiou A and George RC. Microbiology and epidemiology of diphtheria. Rev Med Microbiol 1996; 7: 31-42.
	Mokrousov IV, Narvskaia OV, Tseneva GIa, Mikhailov NV, Popel IR. The genetic typing of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains by the polymerase chain reaction with universal primers. Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii i Immunobiologii. 1996; 5: 73-5. Russian.
	Nakao H, Pruckler JM, Mazurova IK, Narvskaia OV, Glushkevich T, Marijevski VF, Kravetz AN, Fields BS, Wachsmuth IK, Popovic T. Heterogeneity of diphtheria toxin gene, tox, and its regulatory element, dtxR, in Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains causing epidemic diphtheria in Russia and Ukraine. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34 (7): 1711-6.
	Popovic T, Kombarova SY, Reeves MW, Nakao H, Mazurova IK, Wharton M, Wachsmuth IK, Wenger JD. Molecular epidemiology of diphtheria in Russia, 1985-1994. J Infect Dis 1996; 174 (5): 1064-72.
	Rey M, Patey O, Vincent-Ballereau F, . Diphtheria?s European come back. Euro Surveill 1996; 1: 14-16.
	van Steenbergen J, Leentvaar-Kuijpers A, van den Kerkhof J, . Response to a suspected case of diphtheria in Dordrecht, the Netherlands. Euro Surveill 1996; 1: 12-14.
	Von Hunolstein C, Alfarone G, La Valle R, Efstratiou A, De Zoysa A, Orefici G. Carratteristiche molecolari dei ceppi di Corynebacterium diphtheriae recentemente isolati in Italia. Microbiologica Medica 1996; 11: 509-512.

1995	Top
	Begg N and Balraj V. Diphtheria: are we ready for it? Arch Dis Childhood, 1995; 73: 568-72.
	De Zoysa AS, Efstratiou A, George RC, Jahkola M, Vuopio-Varkila J, Tseneva G, Deshevoi S, Rikushin Y. Characterisation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae from North-Western Russia and the surrounding countries. Proceedings of the First International Meeting of the European Laboratory Working Group on Diphtheria. PHLS Microbiol Dig 1995; 12: 85-7.
	De Zoysa A, Efstratiou A, George RC, Jahkola M, Vuopio-Varkila J, Deshevoi S, Tseneva G, Rikushin Y. Molecular epidemiology of Corynebacterium diphtheriae from northwestern Russia and surrounding countries studied by using ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33 (5):1080-3.
	Efstratiou A. Diphtheria: a European update. PHLS Microbiol Dig 1995; 12: 233-5.
	Efstratiou A. Corynebacterium diphtheriae: molecular epidemiology and characterisation studies on epidemic and sporadic isolates. Microecology and Therapy 1995; 5: 63-71.
	Efstratiou A. Proceedings of the First International Meeting of the European Laboratory Working Group on Diphtheria. PHLS Microbiol Dig 1995; 12: 19-29.
	George RC, Beloborodov VB, Efstratiou A. Diphtheria in the 1990s: return of an old adversary. Clin Microbiol Infect 1995; 1: 139-45.
	Hamour AA, Efstratiou A, Neill R, Dunbar EM. Epidemiology and molecular characterisation of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae var mitis from a case of cutaneous diphtheria in Manchester. J Infect 1995; 31 (2): 153-7.
	Maple PA, Efstratiou A, George RC, Andrews NJ, Sesardic D. Diphtheria immunity in UK blood donors. Lancet 1995; 345: 963-5.
	Maple PAC, Efstratiou A, George RC. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of C.diphtheriae. Proceedings of the First International Meeting of the European Laboratory Working Group on Diphtheria. PHLS Microbiol Dig 1995; 12: 91-2.
	Mikhailovich VM, Melnikov VG, Mazurova IK, Wachsmuth IK, Wenger JD, Wharton M, Nakao H, Popovic T. Application of PCR for detection of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains isolated during the Russian diphtheria epidemic, 1990 through 1994. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33 (11): 3061-3.
	Patey O, Bimet F, Emond JP, Estrangin E, Riegel PH, Halioua B, Dellion S, Kiredjian M. Antibiotic susceptibilities of 38 non-toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. J Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 1995; 36 (6): 1108-10.
	Popovic T, Wharton M, Wenger JD, McIntyre L, Wachsmuth IK. Are we ready for diphtheria? A report from the Diphtheria Diagnostic Workshop, Atlanta, 11 and 12 July 1994. J Infect Dis 1995; 171 (4): 765-7.
	von Hunolstein C, Efstratiou A, La Valle R, Gentili G, Pestalozza S, Mascellino MT, Rappuoli R, Orefici G, Cassone A. An imported fatal case of diphtheria in Italy. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1995; 14 (9): 828-30.
	Vuopio-Varkila J, Tarkka E, Tseneva G, Efstratiou A. Evaluation of molecular typing techniques for C.diphtheriae. Proceedings of the First International Meeting of the European Laboratory Working Group on Diphtheria. PHLS Microbiol Dig 1995; 12: 87.
	White JM & Efstratiou A. Incidence of diphtheria and other infections caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae in England and Wales 1986-1993. Proceedings of the First International Meeting of the European Laboratory Working Group on Diphtheria. PHLS Microbiol Dig 1995; 12: 23-4.

1994	Top
	Begg NT. Manual for the Management and Control of Diphtheria in the European Region. Copenhagen: World Health Organisation, 1994. (ICP/EPI 038(B)).
	CDSC. A Case of diphtheria from Pakistan. Commun Dis Rep CDR Wkly 1994; 4: 173.
	Efstratiou A & Maple PAC. Manual for the Laboratory diagnosis of diphtheria. Copenhagen: Expanded Programme on Immunization in the European Region of WHO, 1994. (ICP/EPI 038(C)).
	Maple PA, Efstratiou A, Tseneva G, Rikushin Y, Deshevoi S, Jahkola M, Vuopio-Varkila J, George RC. The in-vitro susceptibilities of toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated in northwestern Russia and surrounding areas to ten antibiotics. J Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 1994; 34 (6): 1037-40.
	Mikhailovich VM, Zaikin VL, Mazurova IK. Use of a DNA-DNA hybridization method for studying Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains. Molekuliarnaia Genetika, Mikrobiologia, i Virusologa 1994; 6: 27-9. Russian.
	Pallen MJ, Hay AJ, Puckey LH, Efstratiou A. Polymerase chain reaction for screening clinical isolates of corynebacteria for the production of diphtheria toxin. J Clin Pathol 1994; 47: 353-6.

1993	Top
	Andronescu C, Diaconescu A, Balan A, Dobrescu A, Ulmeanu V. The circulation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae within the current epidemiological context. Bacteriologia, Virusologia, Parazitologia, Epidemiologia. 1993; 38 (1-2): 63-71.
	De Zoysa A, Efstratiou A, George RC, Vuopio-Varkila J, Jahkola M, Rikushin Y. Diphtheria and travel. Lancet 1993; 342: 446.
	De Zoysa A, Efstratiou A, George RC, Vuopio-Varkila J, Jahkola M, Rikushin Y. Imported toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae var gravis from North-Western Russia. Lancet 1993; 342: 446.
	Efstratiou A. The laboratory diagnosis of diphtheria. British Society of Microbial Technology Newsletter 1993; 15: 3-11.
	Efstratiou A. Proceedings of WHO Conference on the Epidemic of Diphtheria in Europe, St Petersburg, Russia. PHLS Microbiol Dig 1993.
	Efstratiou A, Tiley SM, Sangrador A, Greenacre E, Cookson BD, Chen SC, Mallon R, Gilbert GL. Invasive disease caused by multiple clones of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Clin Infect Dis 1993; 17 (1): 136.
	Hauser D, Popoff MR, Kiredjian M, Boquet P, Bimet F. Polymerase chain reaction assay for diagnosis of potentially toxinogenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains: correlation with ADP-ribosylation activity assay. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 31 (10): 2720-3.
	Johnson AP & Efstratiou A. Corynebacterium jeikeium: a multiresistant nosocomial pathogen. Rev Clin Microbiol 1993; 4: 242-8.

1992	Top
	Colman G, Weaver E, Efstratiou A. Screening tests for pathogenic corynebacteria. J Clin Pathol 1992; 45 (1): 46-8.
	Wilson AP, Matthews S, Bahl M, Efstratiou A, Cookson BD. Screening for Corynebacterium diphtheriae. J Clin Pathol 1992; 45 (11): 1036-7.
	Wilson AP, Efstratiou A, Weaver E, Allason-Jones E, Bingham J, Ridgway GL, Robinson A, Mercey D, Colman G, Cookson BD. Unusual non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae in homosexual men. Lancet 1992; 339: 998.

1990	Top
	Hallas G, Harrison TG, Samuel D, Colman G. Detection of diphtheria toxin in culture supernates of Corynebacterium diphtehriae and C. ulcerans by immunoassay with monoclonal antibody. J Med Microbiol 1990; 32: 247-53.
	Wilson AP, Ridgway GL, Gruneberg RN, Efstratiou A, Colman G, Cookson B. Routine screening for Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Lancet 1990; 336: 1199.

1989	Top
	Bobkova MR, Kombarova SIu, Lipis SV, Bobkov AF, Mazurova IK. The use of DNA fingerprint analysis for the differentiation of populations of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii i Immunobiologii 1989; 7: 28-30. Russian.
	Margulis IL, Golovina NM, Mazurova IK, Sal'nikova GP, Lomonosova GG. Evaluation of the efficiency of a new dried nutrient medium for isolating Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii i Immunobiologii 1989; 3: 20-1. Russian.
	Mazurova IK, Potemkina EE, Sviridov VV, Zaitsev EM. Detection of toxin and evaluation of the degree of toxin-formation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae using immunoenzyme analysis. Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii i Immunobiologii 1989; 6: 66-70. Russian.
	Mazurova IK, Kombarova SIu, Iarova LM, Grigorian GK, Del'vig AA. The coagglutination reaction for detecting diphtheria toxin. Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii i Immunobiologii 1989; 3: 68-71. Russian.

1987	Top
	Feldman IuM, Makhaneva LG, Glushkevich TG. Determination of the toxigenicity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae by using paper indicator disks. Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii i Immunobiologii 1987; 4: 32-4. Russian.
	Iakubovich NV, Novikova IS, Bychkova MA, Mazurova IK, Iankovskii NK. Cloning of the structural gene for diphtheria toxin from Corynebacterium diphtheriae PW8 and expression of its deletion derivative in E. coli. Molekuliarnaia Genetika, Mikrobiologia, i Virusologa 1987; 11: 13-8. Russian.

1986	Top
	Sviridov VV, Zaitsev EM, Del'vig AA, Mazurova IK, Semenov BF. The use of monoclonal antibodies for the determination of diphtheria toxin and its components. Molekuliarnaia Genetika, Mikrobiologia, i Virusologa 1986; 1 :30-5. Russian.

1985	Top
	Mazurova IK, Bochkova VA, Margulis IL, Golovina NM, Kuzina VS. Blood tellurite media using aminopeptide with an expired period of usefulness for indication of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Lab Delo 1985; 8: 498-500. Russian.

1977	Top
	Vysotskii VV, Mazurova IK, Shmeleva EA. Extracellular material of some representatives of the genus Corynebacterium. Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii i Immunobiologii 1977; 8: 90-5. Russian.

1976	Top
	Pushnia VV, Mebel' BD, Shaposhnikov AA, Sukhorukova NL, Mazurova IK. Importance of immunological study methods for the diagnosis of faucial diphtheria in adults. Voen Med Zh 1976; 10: 50-2. Russian.
	Vysotskii VV, Mazurova IK, Shmeleva EA. Comparative electron-microscopic study of 8 representatives of the genus Corynebacterium grown on solid nutrient medium during the stationary phase of development. Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii i Immunobiologii 1976; 9: 121-6. Russian.

1975	Top
	Kriukov VIu, Vol'fson BZ, Mushke NM, Goncharova OP, Kim VE. Prevention of wide dissemination of diphtheria bacilli in children's centers. Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii i Immunobiologii 1975; 4: 127-8. Russian.

1974	Top
	Mazurova IK, Malasheva OK, Bochkova VA, Filippova LM. Mechanism of formation in diphtheria of antimicrobiol antibodies of different physiocochemical nature. Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii i Immunobiologii 1974; 7: 108-12. Russian.
	Shmeleva EA, Mazurova IK, Bochkova VA, Filippova LM. Comparative characteristics of antigen fractions of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii i Immunobiologii 1974; 4: 31-5. Russian.

1973	Top
	Pushnia VV, Mebel' BD, Shaposhnikov AA, Mazurova IK, Maslakov LM. Clinical aspects and diagnosis of diphtheria in adults. Voenno-Meditsinskii Zhurnal 1973; 9: 41-4. Russian.

1971	Top
	Mazurova IK, Bochkova VA, Filippova LM. Humoral indices of antimicrobial immunity in diphtheria. Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii i Immunobiologii 1971; 4: 86-9. Russian.